# PAUL RENNER

In 1927, Paul Renner, a German typographer, revolutionized design and typography with his creation of Futura, a font that has remained iconic for almost a century. Futura's impact extends from print media to the moon, where it was featured on a plaque left by the Apollo 11 Mission in 1969. Renner's goal was to move away from calligraphy and embrace simplicity through geometric perfection of sans-serif typefaces. Despite not being part of the Bauhaus movement, Futura is often associated with its Bauhaus' ideology of functional simplicity. Renner's creation continues to influence design trends across various mediums, remaining a popular choice particularly in the era of social media and contemporary design aesthetics.

Paul Renner, is a German typographer that revolutionized the world of design and typography. In 1927, Paul Renner designed Futura, a font that has been around for almost a century, and is one of the most famous fonts in history. This typeface went from print and media, to the moon. In 1969, Futura was used on a plaque that has been left on the moon by the Apollo 11 Mission. Since then, Futura has been widely used in brand advertisements, design, film and video, print, and more. Especially now, with the rise in popularity of social media and with the current design trends, Futura is one of the most popular font choices.

Paul Renner’s main goal was to change the world of typography by moving away from calligraphy and creating a font that embodies simplicity through geometric perfection. When looking at serif fonts, they have weight variation in the letter, and an almost hand drawn feel to them, which is derived from calligraphy. Paul Renner completely eliminated that weight variation with his perfectly geometric letters in Futura. Moving away from the serifs and weight variation in type, Paul Renner created a typeface that is elegant and all about functional simplicity. The Bauhaus movement of 1919-1933 was all about functional simplicity and Futura is often associated with it, despite the fact that Paul Renner was not a part of the movement.

By creating Futura, Paul Renner influenced many design and print trends throughout the century, with its simple yet nearly perfect structure and look of his forever ageless typeface.

# CONTRIBUTIONS

Futura is the one of the first fonts that was seen as a “serifless roman”. It was not grotesque, as it did not have the irregular weight distribution across the letters, but rather it was uniform and geometric. Paul Renner wanted to move away from calligraphy and its impacts on the fonts of that time. Since in the 1920's, roman was the standard of typography, Paul Renner wanted to create something that would change the way people perceive type. He was grounded in his belief that harmony and simplicity are crucial in type.

Paul Renner was a book designer, and if one dives deeper into the creation of Futura and Paul Renner’s vision of moving away from serif type, it can be seen that Futura was intended to set books and other long-term readings. Books were never set in sans-serif, until Futura was created. This shows how much impact Paul Renner and Futura had back in the 1900's on the print and design industries. Through its meticulous design, strong vision, and perfect execution, Paul Renner and his Futura set new standards for the field of typography.

Nowadays, almost every electronic device comes with Futura included. Futura is one of the most go-to typefaces, along with Helvetica, Times, and Arial. There are dozens, if not hundreds of new typefaces being created every single day, but they just get lost among the ocean of typefaces. Futura on the other hand, was created so well that it held itself among the best typefaces for the past century. This shows how versatile and successful the design of Futura is. Paul Renner’s vision to create a harmonious geometric font was a great success, forever redefining the world of typography and design.

# INFLUENCES

Up until Futura, there were barely any widely used sans-serif typefaces, besides Franklin Gothic. Every type designer complied to the old standards of the serif typefaces. Futura is a revolutionary typeface, because right after its creation, other typographers also wanted to move away from serif and create sans-serif typefaces. By hovering over the squares on the right, you can see some visual differences between Franklin Gothic and Futura.

Not long after Futura, in 1928, a font called “Gill Sans” was created. If observed closer, it can be seen that Gill Sans took its inspiration directly from Futura, as Gill Sans was intended to be a direct competitor to Futura. Just like Futura, Gill Sans has very circular O’s, triangular A’s, and rectangular H’s. Gill Sans is a humanist font, with some slight weight variation in its characters, unlike the monoweight and perfectly geometric look of Futura. By hovering over the type underneath, you can see the visual differences between Gill Sans and Futura.

Futura is just like type, it can be seen almost everywhere. From film, to webdesign, to big brands, to the moon. Futura had such a big impact on the design, print, and type industries, that there are fonts being designed today, which try to reach for that success of Futura. There are countless designers who use Futura to achieve a very simple and uniform look.

Futura forever will have a place in the future of typography, especially with the popularity of on-screen media. Due to its legibility and elegant geometric design, Futura is one of the best fonts for design. It is shocking how a typeface can have such an influence on so many different industries, and to this day inspire typographers and designers across the world.

# FUTURA: ANALYSIS

Futura began as a redesign of a project that one of Paul Renner’s students did. When looking at some of the first sketches of Futura, it can be seen that it was very geometric, which harmed the overall readability. The initial renderings of Futura could have been a very unique display font, but that is not what Paul Renner had in mind. He wanted to create a nearly perfect geometric sans-serif typeface that could be used not only on a larger scale, but also for setting books. Futura’s biggest distinction is the monoweight and geometric design of the letterforms, as well as the pointed tips of some uppercase letters. It can be seen that the final design of Futura has very circular O’s, triangular A’s, and rectangular H’s, and the overall geometric letterform construction that gives Futura this timeless look. Move the slider to show the visual differences between the initial sketches of Futura and the final design.

The pointed tips that extend above the cap height and descend below the baseline can be seen on the uppercase letters A, M, N, V, and W. Hover over the image to highlight the extended tips.

Futura also has a shorter x-height and longer ascenders and descenders compared to other typefaces, which creates the need for a larger leading. But that is also the beauty of Futura, it really shines when it is properly set. Hover over the image to see guidelines.

Another interesting touch is the lowercase letters “i” and “j”. They are ultimately the same letterform, with the bottom of the “i” extended to the descender line to create the letter “j”. The tittles and the period in Futura are designed as perfect circles and have the same optical weight as the strokes of all the letterforms.

A lot of planning and technical drawing went into the creation of Futura, which can be seen through its geometry and letterform construction. This geometric excellence, harmony, and the functional simplicity, is what sets Futura apart and makes it so popular, even after a century.

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